Chapter 1 — THE ANCIENT ARABIANS

**Ethiopia, Kush, and Shem**

According to the work of John G. Jackson, the original inhabitants of Arabia were a much darker people than the Arabs of today.

Drusilla Dunjee Houston refers to the ancient Arabians as “Cushites” and “Semitic”, whom she describes as “dark” and “brown” in complexion respectively.

Both are in agreement with physical anthropology.

According to Dr. Yosef Ben-Jochannan (“Dr. Ben”), in the Book of Akhsum (Axum), Ethiopian history conflicts with the Biblical Table of Nation’s, which says Kush is son of Ham. The Book of Akhsum says, Ityopis (Ethiopis) is son of Kush son of Shem. Meaning, Ethiopians and Kushites are Shemites (Semitic).

“More than one historian is inclined to believe that the Kushites and Shemites were less distantly related than Hebrew writers pretend.”  (Perrot  1884, p.16)

“As to the Cushites, they descended from Cush, the son of Shem”.  (Larcher  1829, p. 301)

The Islamic extra-Scriptural sources generally identify Cush as son of Shem. (Cobb 2012, p. 272)

Some Ethiopians claim that Ham was a Kushite king, and prefer to be regarded as the sons of Shem, rather than of Ham.

“And may not these groups, though distinct, have been more closely connected than the Jews were willing to admit”?  (Perrot  1884, p. 16)

(Note: Ethiopian scholar Dr. Ayele Bekerie is in agreement with Dr. Ben’s assertion that the name Ethiopia is derived from Ethiopis (Ityopis), the name of a Kushite king, who is the father of Aksum. Ethiopia was not named by the Greeks.)

Kush (Ethiopia) included Arabia, the horn of Africa, Sumer, and India.

Kushite Arabians are genetically and linguistically related to Kushites in Africa.

**Alkebu-lan**

Above,  Dr. Ben mentioned his discovery that, “Alkebu-lan” is the most ancient name for the continent, which he also says was renamed “Africa” by Greeks and Romans.  (Jochannan 1973, p. 120). 

A common observation is that “Alkebu-lan” appears to be an Arabic word. The Kushite language Geez (also known as Ethiopic, now extinct) is a Semitic language, and shows its closet affinity to Arabic.

Geez has been the written language of Ethiopia for thousands of years, and originated from the Sabean language of South Arabia.

Below is a side by side comparison of the Geez and Sabean scripts.

The grammatical structure of the Geez shows a largely predominant identity with that of Arabic.

It is estimated that one-third of the roots and primitive words from Geez also exist in Arabic, and both employ similar verb conjugation.

If approaching “Kebulan” (“al-” signifies a proper noun) as a Shemitic (Semitic) word, its root would be q-b-l, which in Arabic is pronounced qaf-baa-lam, and written as ق ب ل  (read from right to left). However “qaf” is often transliterated in to the Roman alphabet as the letter “k”.  For example, “Qur’an” and “Koran” are both transliterations of the same Arabic word (قرآن), which begins with “qaf”.

In some instances Arabic words with the q-b-l root, “Qaboolun” for example,  mean favorable acceptance or reception.

Similarly, some words in Ge’ez with the q-b-l root connote, to meet, accept, receive, etc.

However the Arabic word “Qabeelun”, which is also derived from the q-b-l root, means, “a body of men from several ancestors”.

In Qur’an chapter 49, verse 13, “qabaila” (root q-b-l) means, “tribes”.

Of the Ethiopian languages that have replaced Geez, Tigré is the most similar to Geez. (Penny Cyclopaedia, 1837, p. 52)  In Tigré of Gindaˁ, “kabilat” means, “tribe, people group”.

In Hindi, “kabila” (ka bee la) also means, tribe. Recall that a branch of Kushites reached India. (Harris 2013, 154)

In traditional Senegambian society of West Africa, the Mandinka term “kabila” means, lineage or extended family.

Perhaps, “Kebulan” refers to the tribes who descended from Kush and Shem, who, according to Diodorus  (Hansberry 1964), brought the basic foundations of civilization to the Nile Valley, for which they were favorably received by the ancient Egyptians .

**Kushite Origins of Ancient Egyptian Civilization**

Dr. William Leo Hansberry and Dr. E. Harper Johnson state, a Kushite prince and his wife brought the first elements of civilized life to Ancient Egypt, and they and their son were later deified by the Egyptians under the names: Osiris, Isis, and Horus (Asar, Aset, and Heru).

According to Drusilla Dunjee Houston, Ethiopians (Kushites) were the builders of early Egyptian monuments, which were constructed with Ethiopian stone.

Citing temple inscriptions and the works of Herodotus and Homer, scholars have concluded that Ancient Egypt began as a colony of Ethiopia.

(Note: Previously Dr. William Leo Hansberry and Dr. E. Harper Johnson stated, “… Egypt was buried beneath the sea…”. In support of this statement, some scholars and scientists are of the opinion that erosion found on the Sphinx is the result of severe flooding that occurred at the end of the last Ice Age. This would require that the Sphinx was constructed before the last Ice Age, which is at least 7,500 – 12,500 years earlier than the commonly accepted construction date of approximately 2,500 B.C.)

The following photograph shows erosion on the Sphinx. The caption says,

“The facial features of the Great Sphinx, located at Gizeh, have traditionally been thought by Egyptologists to be those of Khafre, the Pharaoh of Egypt when the statue was carved. Recently, however, some scholars offer a different history. They argue that the Great Sphinx reveals a pattern of water erosion rather than wind and sand erosion, and that because water erodes substances more slowly, the statue is older than had been thought. They believe it be over 9,000 years old.”